CIM (TONE MARKERS)
| There are 7 tone markers in the RPA system. Tone markers are often used at the end of each word. Click on the Play button to hear the name of each tone marker below (from high to low pitch). |
| Tone Marker |
Mong Leng |
Play | Hmong Der | Play | English Translation | Pitch |
| b | cim sab |
|
cim siab | Liver | Highest | |
| j | cim ntuj |
cim ntuj | Sky | ^ | ||
v |
cim kuv |
cim kuv | I, Me | | | ||
| * | cim ua | cim ua | do | | | ||
| d | cim tod |
cim tod | Over there | | | ||
g |
cim neeg |
cim neeg | people/horse | | | ||
s |
cim ntus |
cim mus | go | | | ||
m |
cim nam |
cim niam | mother | Lowest | ||
*No tone marker
required. Words can be written with just the
consonant and vowel or sometimes just the vowel alone.